Content Moderation Policy Section Library In The United Kingdom
Section Name | Section Purpose | Primary Audience | Suitable Policy Length | Drafting Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Core | ||||
Scope | Defines who and what the moderation policy applies to. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | State covered services, user types, content formats, locations and exceptions. |
Policy Purpose | Explains why moderation is carried out and what risks it addresses. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Link moderation to user safety, lawful use, trust and platform integrity. |
Recommended | ||||
Definitions | Clarifies key terms used throughout the policy. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies short policies may define only key terms. | Define terms such as content, user, report, appeal, illegal content and moderator. |
User Eligibility | States who may use the service and any age or account limits. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Align age limits with service design, child access and account verification processes. |
Core | ||||
Acceptable Use | Describes the behaviour and content the platform permits. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Use positive examples alongside prohibitions to reduce ambiguity. |
Prohibited Content Overview | Summarises content categories that are not allowed. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | List categories clearly and cross-refer to detailed rules where needed. |
Illegal Content | Explains how unlawful content is identified, reported and removed. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Refer to priority illegal content where relevant and avoid giving exhaustive legal advice. |
Recommended | ||||
Terrorism Content | Prohibits terrorist material, praise, recruitment and instructional content. | Platform Users | Detailed policies short policies may include it under illegal content. | Include escalation steps and preserve evidence where legally appropriate. |
Core | ||||
Child Sexual Exploitation And Abuse Material | Bans child sexual abuse material, grooming and exploitation-related conduct. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Use strict zero-tolerance wording and include urgent escalation to safeguarding or law enforcement channels. |
Child Safety | Sets safeguards for children using or appearing on the service. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies if children may access the service. | Cover grooming, bullying, age-inappropriate content, reporting and parental or guardian concerns. |
Recommended | ||||
Age Assurance | Explains how the platform assesses or verifies user age where needed. | Platform Users | Detailed policies or services with age-restricted features. | Explain method, privacy impact, user options and consequences of failed checks. |
Core | ||||
Hate Speech And Abuse | Prohibits attacks, dehumanisation or threats based on protected characteristics. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Use examples tied to race, religion, disability, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity. |
Harassment And Bullying | Bans targeted intimidation, stalking, dogpiling and repeated unwanted contact. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Distinguish criticism from targeted abuse and include enhanced safeguards for vulnerable users. |
Threats And Violence | Prohibits credible threats, incitement, glorification and coordination of violence. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Separate imminent threats from rhetorical or fictional statements and specify urgent escalation. |
Recommended | ||||
Self-Harm And Suicide Content | Restricts encouragement, instruction or graphic promotion of self-harm or suicide. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies for user-generated content services. | Permit recovery or support content while removing encouragement, methods or graphic material. |
Adult Sexual Content | Sets rules for nudity, pornography, sexual solicitation and age-restricted material. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies if relevant to the platform. | Define allowed contexts such as education, health, art or breastfeeding. |
Core | ||||
Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery | Prohibits sharing or threatening to share intimate images without consent. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Provide fast takedown routes, victim-sensitive reporting and repeat-offender sanctions. |
Recommended | ||||
Image-Based Abuse And Deepfakes | Addresses intimate deepfakes, altered images and abusive sexualised impersonation. | Platform Users | Detailed policies, especially image or video platforms. | Define manipulated media and consent standards without requiring proof of harm from victims. |
Exploitation And Trafficking | Bans content facilitating human trafficking, exploitation or forced services. | Moderators | Detailed policies for marketplaces, classifieds or messaging services. | Include red flags, escalation routes and safety-first handling for potential victims. |
Core | ||||
Fraud, Scams And Deceptive Conduct | Prohibits scams, phishing, impersonation, financial deception and fake offers. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Give examples such as phishing links, fake investments, romance scams and counterfeit listings. |
Recommended | ||||
Impersonation | Prevents users pretending to be another person, brand or authority deceptively. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Allow parody or fan accounts only if clearly labelled and non-deceptive. |
Optional | ||||
Misinformation And Disinformation | Explains how harmful false or manipulated information is handled. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for news, social, health or civic discussion services. | Define high-harm areas and distinguish opinion, error, satire and coordinated manipulation. |
Election And Civic Integrity | Restricts voter suppression, false election procedures and civic manipulation. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for platforms hosting political or civic content. | Cover false voting information, impersonation of officials and coordinated inauthentic activity. |
Health Misinformation | Addresses false health claims that may create real-world harm. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for health, wellness or large social platforms. | Use authoritative sources and focus on high-risk claims, not ordinary debate. |
Recommended | ||||
Regulated Goods And Services | Restricts unlawful or unsafe sales and promotions of controlled items. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for marketplaces, forums or classified services. | Address weapons, drugs, medicines, alcohol, tobacco, unsafe products and counterfeit goods. |
Intellectual Property Complaints | Explains how copyright, trade mark and rights complaints are handled. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies if user content is hosted. | Specify notice information, counter-notice process and repeat infringement action. |
Optional | ||||
Defamation And Reputation Complaints | Explains handling of allegedly defamatory or reputation-damaging content. | Complainants | Detailed policies for reviews, forums or public posting platforms. | Require precise URLs, words complained of, meaning, factual basis and urgency. |
Core | ||||
Privacy And Personal Data Violations | Bans doxxing, unlawful disclosure and misuse of personal information. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Coordinate with the privacy notice and define personal, sensitive and location information. |
Recommended | ||||
Spam And Platform Manipulation | Restricts bulk posting, fake engagement, bots and manipulative activity. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Define automation, coordinated behaviour, link abuse, scraping and fake accounts. |
Malware And Cyber Abuse | Prohibits malware, credential theft, hacking instructions and harmful links. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies for link, file or messaging services. | Allow legitimate security research only where clearly bounded and non-harmful. |
Optional | ||||
Graphic Or Shocking Content | Controls gore, serious injury, animal cruelty and disturbing material. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for media-heavy platforms. | Consider warnings, age gates and public interest exceptions for journalism or education. |
Animal Cruelty Content | Restricts content depicting, encouraging or arranging cruelty to animals. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for video, image or community platforms. | Permit rescue, education or documentary content where not gratuitous or encouraging harm. |
Recommended | ||||
Advertising And Promotional Content | Sets rules for sponsored posts, promotions, affiliate links and misleading ads. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for creator, marketplace or commercial platforms. | Require clear disclosure of paid, gifted, affiliate or materially connected content. |
Optional | ||||
Political Advertising | Explains whether political ads are allowed and what disclosures are required. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for platforms carrying political promotion. | Address imprints, targeting, verification, ad library records and prohibited deception. |
Core | ||||
User Reporting | Explains how users can report content, accounts or conduct for review. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Provide accessible reporting routes, required details and expected acknowledgements. |
Optional | ||||
Trusted Flaggers And Priority Reports | Sets procedures for reports from specialist bodies or approved escalation partners. | Complainants | Detailed policies for larger or higher-risk platforms. | Define eligibility, priority handling, evidence expectations and abuse safeguards. |
Recommended | ||||
Report Evidence Requirements | Tells reporters what information helps moderators assess a complaint. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies. | Ask for URLs, screenshots, usernames, dates, context and affected rights or risks. |
Triage And Prioritisation | Explains how reports are prioritised by risk, urgency and category. | Moderators | Detailed policies short policies may summarise. | Prioritise imminent harm, child safety, terrorism, non-consensual imagery and legal requests. |
Core | ||||
Review Process | Describes how moderators assess reports and make decisions. | Moderators | Both short and detailed policies. | Explain evidence review, context, policy application, escalation and decision recording. |
Recommended | ||||
Contextual Assessment | Allows moderators to consider intent, context, impact and public interest. | Moderators | Detailed policies. | List factors such as satire, journalism, education, artistic value and targeted harm. |
Human Moderation | Explains when human reviewers assess content or automated decisions. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies if automation is used. | State human review triggers, quality checks and limits of reviewer discretion. |
Automated Moderation Tools | Discloses use of automated detection, filtering or ranking controls. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies, especially where automated decisions affect users. | Explain tool purpose, limits, error risk, human review and appeal availability. |
Core | ||||
Enforcement Actions | Lists actions the platform may take after a policy breach. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Include warnings, labels, removal, restrictions, demonetisation, suspension and termination. |
Recommended | ||||
Proportionality And Severity Factors | Explains how severity, intent and repeat behaviour affect sanctions. | Moderators | Detailed policies. | Use a matrix for harm level, legal risk, vulnerability, reach and recurrence. |
Core | ||||
Account Restrictions And Suspension | Sets when accounts may be limited, suspended or terminated. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | State triggers, notice, duration, access to data and appeal rights where offered. |
Optional | ||||
Content Labels, Warnings And Age Gates | Describes non-removal measures used to reduce exposure to sensitive content. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for platforms hosting borderline or sensitive material. | Use labels for sensitive, disputed, mature, graphic or context-dependent content. |
Visibility Reduction And Recommendation Controls | Explains when content may be downranked, limited or excluded from recommendations. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for algorithmic feeds or discovery features. | Describe affected surfaces, criteria, duration and user notice where practical. |
Core | ||||
Appeals | Allows users to challenge moderation decisions affecting them or their content. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Set deadlines, required information, reviewer independence and possible outcomes. |
Complaints Handling | Explains how users or complainants raise concerns about content or platform handling. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies. | Separate complaints about content, decisions, process failure and systemic risk. |
Recommended | ||||
Decision Notices | Explains what users are told when moderation action is taken. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Include rule breached, action taken, reasons, appeal route and safety exceptions. |
Content Restoration | Describes when removed or restricted content may be reinstated. | Platform Users | Detailed policies. | State restoration effects on visibility, metrics, sanctions and repeat-strike records. |
Core | ||||
Emergency Escalation | Sets urgent procedures for imminent harm or serious illegal activity. | Moderators | Both short and detailed policies. | Define escalation contacts, out-of-hours routes and evidence preservation steps. |
Recommended | ||||
Law Enforcement Requests | Explains how official requests and urgent safety referrals are handled. | Administrators | Detailed policies. | Require lawful basis, verification, narrow scope, logging and internal approval. |
Regulatory Cooperation | States how the platform responds to regulator notices or information requests. | Administrators | Detailed policies for regulated or higher-risk services. | Assign responsibility for Ofcom communications, deadlines, evidence and approvals. |
Online Safety Risk Assessment | Links moderation rules to assessed illegal content and child safety risks. | Administrators | Detailed policies for services within online safety duties. | Summarise risk categories, controls, review frequency and policy changes after incidents. |
Core | ||||
Terms Of Service Consistency | Ensures moderation rules match the platform terms and are applied consistently. | Administrators | Both short and detailed policies. | Avoid conflicts between policy, community rules, terms, privacy notice and creator rules. |
Recommended | ||||
Transparency Reporting | Describes publication of moderation metrics, trends and enforcement information. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies, especially larger or regulated services. | Track reports, removals, appeals, reversals, response times and category breakdowns. |
Core | ||||
Moderation Records | Sets what moderation decisions and evidence are logged and retained. | Administrators | Both short and detailed policies. | Record report details, decision reasons, reviewer identity, timestamps and appeal outcomes. |
Recommended | ||||
Data Retention For Moderation | Explains how long moderation data and evidence are kept. | Administrators | Detailed policies or any service retaining report evidence. | Set retention periods by category and align with UK GDPR storage limitation. |
Core | ||||
Privacy In Moderation | Explains personal data use in reporting, review, enforcement and appeals. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Cross-refer to the privacy notice and cover lawful basis, sharing and user rights. |
Recommended | ||||
Moderator Access Controls | Limits who can view, edit or action moderation data and tools. | Administrators | Detailed internal or operational policies. | Use role-based access, audit logs, confidentiality duties and periodic reviews. |
Moderator Wellbeing And Safety | Protects reviewers exposed to harmful, graphic or distressing content. | Moderators | Detailed internal policies. | Include training, breaks, rotation, support, escalation and access to wellbeing resources. |
Moderator Training | Sets training expectations for consistent, lawful and safe moderation decisions. | Moderators | Detailed internal policies. | Cover policy categories, bias, safeguarding, privacy, escalation and decision writing. |
Quality Assurance And Audits | Checks consistency, accuracy and fairness of moderation outcomes. | Administrators | Detailed internal policies. | Use sample reviews, reversal rates, calibration sessions and error correction procedures. |
Fairness, Equality And Bias Controls | Reduces discriminatory or inconsistent moderation impacts. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies, especially larger platforms. | Address protected characteristics, language variation, cultural context and appeal monitoring. |
Freedom Of Expression And Public Interest | Explains how expression, debate and public interest are considered in moderation. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies for discussion, news or civic platforms. | Balance safety rules with satire, criticism, journalism, political speech and education. |
Optional | ||||
Journalistic And Newsworthy Content | Allows exceptional treatment for content shared for news, accountability or public interest. | Moderators | Detailed policies for media, civic or social platforms. | Define public interest factors and when warnings or restrictions remain necessary. |
Satire, Parody And Fiction | Clarifies how non-literal, artistic or humorous content is assessed. | Moderators | Detailed policies for expressive or community platforms. | Protect clear satire while restricting harmful deception, harassment or illegal content. |
Recommended | ||||
Accessibility And Plain Language | Makes the policy understandable and usable by affected users. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Use headings, examples, accessible formats and child-friendly wording where relevant. |
Jurisdiction And Applicable Law | Explains the legal context and geographic focus of moderation rules. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | State UK focus and note that local laws may affect content availability elsewhere. |
Optional | ||||
Geo-Blocking And Local Restrictions | Explains when content may be restricted in particular countries or regions. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for international platforms. | State whether restrictions are legal, safety, licensing or operational measures. |
Recommended | ||||
Feature-Specific Moderation Rules | Adapts moderation standards for posts, comments, messages, profiles or listings. | Platform Users | Detailed policies with multiple content features. | Clarify private messaging, public posts, live streams, reviews, usernames and avatars. |
Optional | ||||
Live Streaming Moderation | Sets real-time controls for live broadcasts and chat. | Moderators | Detailed policies for live video, audio or events. | Include delay tools, rapid takedown, chat controls and emergency escalation. |
Recommended | ||||
Private Messaging Moderation | Explains whether and how private messages are moderated or investigated. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for messaging features. | Address privacy limits, user reports, automated detection and safety exceptions. |
Profile, Username And Avatar Rules | Sets moderation rules for account names, bios, images and profile metadata. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies for account-based services. | Ban impersonation, hate, explicit imagery, misleading claims and personal data misuse. |
Optional | ||||
Marketplace Listing Moderation | Sets rules for product, service or classified listings. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for marketplaces or classifieds. | Cover prohibited goods, misleading descriptions, unsafe products and seller sanctions. |
Review And Rating Moderation | Prevents fake, abusive, incentivised or irrelevant reviews. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for review platforms or marketplaces. | Ban fake reviews, undisclosed incentives, conflicts of interest and irrelevant attacks. |
Monetisation And Creator Sanctions | Explains how moderation breaches affect payments, ads or creator privileges. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for creator or advertising platforms. | Define demonetisation triggers, payment holds, clawbacks and appeal routes. |
Core | ||||
Repeat Offender Policy | Sets escalating consequences for repeated or persistent policy breaches. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies. | Use strike thresholds, decay periods, severe-breach exceptions and appeal effects. |
Recommended | ||||
Ban Evasion | Prevents suspended users from returning through new or shared accounts. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies for account-based services. | State signals used, linked-account action and legitimate account recovery exceptions. |
Abuse Of Reporting Tools | Prevents malicious, false, repetitive or retaliatory reports. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies. | Allow action for bad-faith reports without discouraging genuine safety complaints. |
Optional | ||||
Vexatious Appeals And Complaints | Sets limits on repetitive, abusive or bad-faith appeal behaviour. | Complainants | Detailed policies with high complaint volumes. | Define thresholds, warnings and review safeguards before restricting access. |
Core | ||||
Policy Updates And User Notice | Explains how moderation rules are changed and communicated. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | State effective date, notice method, material changes and archive availability. |
Recommended | ||||
Policy Ownership And Governance | Identifies who owns, reviews and approves moderation policy changes. | Administrators | Detailed internal policies. | Assign responsible teams, review cadence, approval levels and incident review triggers. |
Core | ||||
Contact Channels | Provides routes for moderation, legal, safety and accessibility enquiries. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Separate routine support, urgent safety, legal notices and law enforcement contacts. |
Recommended | ||||
Safeguarding Referrals | Explains escalation where children or vulnerable adults may be at risk. | Moderators | Detailed policies for child-accessible or community services. | Define referral triggers, internal leads, emergency services and evidence handling. |
Vulnerable Users | Sets enhanced handling for users at heightened risk of harm or exploitation. | All Stakeholders | Detailed policies for communities, advice, health or youth services. | Include children, disabled users, abuse victims and users in crisis without stereotyping. |
Major Incident Response | Sets response procedures for viral abuse, coordinated attacks or serious safety events. | Administrators | Detailed operational policies. | Define incident levels, command roles, communications, evidence capture and post-incident review. |
Complainant Outcome Notifications | Explains what reporters are told after a moderation review. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies. | Balance useful outcome information with privacy, safety and abuse-prevention limits. |
Optional | ||||
Anonymous Reporting | States whether reports can be made without an account or disclosed identity. | Complainants | Both short and detailed policies if anonymous reports are supported. | Explain limits on follow-up, evidence quality, abuse controls and emergency use. |
Recommended | ||||
Legal Notices And Takedown Requests | Provides process for formal legal demands, court orders and rights notices. | Complainants | Detailed policies. | Require sender identity, authority, legal basis, URLs, evidence and contact details. |
Offline Harm And Real-World Coordination | Restricts content arranging harassment, violence, exploitation or unlawful activity offline. | Platform Users | Detailed policies for communities or messaging-enabled services. | Include doxxing, swatting, meet-up risks, stalking and coordinated harassment. |
Audit Trails | Records internal actions for accountability, investigation and quality control. | Administrators | Detailed internal policies. | Log access, edits, decisions, overrides, exports and deletion of moderation data. |
Optional | ||||
Third-Party Moderation Providers | Explains use and oversight of outsourced moderation or tooling providers. | Administrators | Detailed policies if external reviewers or vendors are used. | Cover confidentiality, training, data processing, service levels, audits and sub-processors. |
Recommended | ||||
Response Times And Service Levels | Sets expected handling times for reports, appeals and urgent matters. | All Stakeholders | Both short and detailed policies. | Use risk-based targets and avoid unrealistic guarantees unless operationally supported. |
Optional | ||||
User Education And Safety Resources | Directs users to guidance, support resources and safer platform behaviour. | Platform Users | Detailed policies or safety centres. | Link to reporting guides, blocking tools, crisis support and child safety resources. |
Recommended | ||||
User Safety Controls | Explains tools users can use to manage exposure and contact. | Platform Users | Both short and detailed policies for social or messaging features. | Describe blocking, muting, filtering, privacy settings, content preferences and parental tools. |
What Sections Should A UK Content Moderation Policy Include?
A UK-facing content moderation policy should normally include scope, prohibited content, reporting, assessment, enforcement, appeals, record keeping, privacy, safeguarding, transparency and legal escalation. Platforms likely to fall within the UK online safety regime should also explain user reporting, complaints, risk-based moderation, child protection and illegal content handling in clear, accessible terms.
How Should Policies Reflect UK Online Safety Duties?
The dataset highlights sections that align with UK regulatory expectations under the Online Safety Act 2023, including illegal content, child safety, user complaints, transparency, terms enforcement and risk assessment. A policy should avoid vague promises and instead state what content is prohibited, how reports are reviewed, what actions may be taken, and how users can challenge decisions.
What Drafting Choices Reduce Moderation Risk?
- Use tiered enforcement: warnings, content removal, feature limits, suspension and account termination should be linked to severity, repetition and user risk.
- Separate reports from appeals: user reporting handles suspected harmful or unlawful content, while appeals challenge moderation decisions affecting a user or their content.
- Document moderator discretion: policies should allow contextual review for satire, journalism, public interest, educational material and self-defence, while still protecting users from illegal or harmful content.
- Include evidence and record retention rules: logs, reasons and timestamps support complaint handling, transparency reporting and regulatory enquiries.
- Address children specifically: UK services accessible by children should include child safety, age assurance, grooming, sexual exploitation, bullying and age-appropriate design considerations.

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